SOURCE PAGE 45 / 78
Geothermal Scale Control
Scale formation, removal methods, equipment and chemical dosing references.
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YUANWANG · WATER & WELLNESS
Scale control
English reading edition of source pages 45-49. Original reference plates are preserved with English explanations and drawing keys.
SOURCE PAGE 46 / 78
Why Geothermal Systems Scale
Calcium, silica, magnesium and iron, plus dissolved CO₂, oxygen and H₂S, may be present in geothermal fluids. Pressure, temperature and gas changes can cause precipitation. Source lists calcium carbonate, calcium silicate, silica, calcite and barite deposits. Hardened deposits restrict flow and production. Deposit and water analysis inform treatment.
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SOURCE PAGE 47 / 78
Scale Formation - Flow Diagram
Geothermal fluid rises → pressure/temperature change. Pressure falls → CO₂ release → pH rises → carbonate concentration rises → supersaturated calcium carbonate precipitates → pipe-wall scale. Temperature falls → silica solubility falls → silicic-acid polymerisation → colloidal silica deposition → scale. Corrosion products/microorganisms provide nucleation sites. Key:CO₂ release;silicic-acid polymerisation;pipe-wall deposition;provide nucleation sites.
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SOURCE PAGE 48 / 78
Treatment Decision Flowchart - Source Mismatch
Source title says scale removal, but the internal diagram concerns corrosion. Full flow: water analysis → dominant corrosion cause. Dissolved oxygen → oxygen scavenger + passivator. Chloride/H₂S → adsorbing imidazoline + molybdate. Low-temperature acidic water → neutraliser + organic amine. High-temperature alkaline water → dispersing scale inhibitor + zinc salt. Dynamic dosing → corrosion coupons + electrochemical monitoring → corrosion rate ≤0.1 mm/year? Yes: effective; no: adjust blend/dose. Source options are not validated chemical prescriptions.
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SOURCE PAGE 49 / 78
Scale-Treatment Equipment and Chemicals
Photographs of treatment vessels and chemical containers. Final equipment, dosage, compatibility and disposal requirements follow water/deposit analysis.
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